Three levels of document security: what you see by eye, under a loupe and in ultraviolet

Level one — without instruments

Kinegrams, transparent windows, tactile engraving and rainbow printing let you check a document in seconds.

Level two — under a loupe

Microtext, guilloche and precise colour registration are only discernible under magnification.

Level three — in ultraviolet

Fluorescent inks, fibres and hidden marks appear under a 365 nm lamp and are verified by examiners.